{"id":4170,"date":"2023-11-04T23:14:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T23:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10003\/how-to-build-a-chat-application-with-spring-boot-and-websocket\/"},"modified":"2023-11-05T05:47:58","modified_gmt":"2023-11-05T05:47:58","slug":"how-to-build-a-chat-application-with-spring-boot-and-websocket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost:10003\/how-to-build-a-chat-application-with-spring-boot-and-websocket\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Build a Chat Application with Spring Boot and WebSocket"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this tutorial, we will learn how to build a chat application using Spring Boot and WebSocket. WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection, making it suitable for real-time applications like chat. Spring Boot, on the other hand, is a framework that simplifies the development of Java applications.<\/p>\n<p>By the end of this tutorial, you will have a fully functional chat application that allows users to send and receive messages in real-time. Let&#8217;s get started!<\/p>\n<h2>Prerequisites<\/h2>\n<p>To follow along with this tutorial, you will need the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Basic knowledge of Java and Spring Boot<\/li>\n<li>JDK 8 or later installed on your machine<\/li>\n<li>Maven installed on your machine<\/li>\n<li>An integrated development environment (IDE) of your choice (e.g., IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Step 1: Set Up a Spring Boot Project<\/h2>\n<p>To set up a Spring Boot project, follow these steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open your IDE and create a new Maven project.<\/li>\n<li>Add the following dependencies to your <code>pom.xml<\/code> file:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-xml\">&lt;dependencies&gt;\n    &lt;!-- Spring Boot starter dependencies --&gt;\n    &lt;dependency&gt;\n        &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n        &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-boot-starter-websocket&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n    &lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n    &lt;!-- Spring Boot devtools (optional) --&gt;\n    &lt;dependency&gt;\n        &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n        &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-boot-devtools&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n        &lt;scope&gt;runtime&lt;\/scope&gt;\n        &lt;optional&gt;true&lt;\/optional&gt;\n    &lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n    &lt;!-- Other dependencies --&gt;\n    &lt;!-- Add any other dependencies you may need (e.g., for database access, security, etc.) --&gt;\n&lt;\/dependencies&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a new package <code>com.example.chatapp<\/code> for your project.<\/li>\n<li>Create a new class <code>ChatApplication<\/code> with the following content:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">package com.example.chatapp;\n\nimport org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;\nimport org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;\n\n@SpringBootApplication\npublic class ChatApplication {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        SpringApplication.run(ChatApplication.class, args);\n    }\n\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Congratulations! You have set up a basic Spring Boot project.<\/p>\n<h2>Step 2: Configure WebSocket Support<\/h2>\n<p>To configure WebSocket support in your Spring Boot application, follow these steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a new package <code>com.example.chatapp.config<\/code> inside the <code>com.example.chatapp<\/code> package.<\/li>\n<li>Create a new class <code>WebSocketConfig<\/code> inside the <code>com.example.chatapp.config<\/code> package with the following content:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">package com.example.chatapp.config;\n\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;\nimport org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;\nimport org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;\nimport org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;\nimport org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;\n\n@Configuration\n@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker\npublic class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {\n\n    @Override\n    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {\n        registry.enableSimpleBroker(\"\/topic\");\n        registry.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes(\"\/app\");\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {\n        registry.addEndpoint(\"\/chat\").withSockJS();\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The <code>WebSocketConfig<\/code> class is annotated with <code>@Configuration<\/code> to enable it as a configuration class and <code>@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker<\/code> to enable WebSocket message handling.<\/p>\n<p>The <code>configureMessageBroker<\/code> method configures the message broker to enable a simple message broker that will be used to send messages to clients on specific target destinations. The <code>\/topic<\/code> prefix is used for destination prefixes. The <code>setApplicationDestinationPrefixes<\/code> method is used to prefix the messages that are sent to message-handling methods.<\/p>\n<p>The <code>registerStompEndpoints<\/code> method registers the <code>\/chat<\/code> endpoint that clients can connect to using SockJS.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Add an <code>@ComponentScan<\/code> annotation to your <code>ChatApplication<\/code> class to make sure it scans the <code>com.example.chatapp.config<\/code> package:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">package com.example.chatapp;\n\nimport org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;\nimport org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;\nimport org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;\n\n@SpringBootApplication\n@ComponentScan(\"com.example.chatapp.config\")\npublic class ChatApplication {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        SpringApplication.run(ChatApplication.class, args);\n    }\n\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>You have successfully configured WebSocket support in your Spring Boot application.<\/p>\n<h2>Step 3: Create a Chat Controller<\/h2>\n<p>Next, we will create a chat controller to handle the WebSocket requests. Follow these steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a new package <code>com.example.chatapp.controller<\/code> inside the <code>com.example.chatapp<\/code> package.<\/li>\n<li>Create a new class <code>ChatController<\/code> inside the <code>com.example.chatapp.controller<\/code> package with the following content:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-java\">package com.example.chatapp.controller;\n\nimport org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;\nimport org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;\nimport org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;\n\n@Controller\npublic class ChatController {\n\n    @MessageMapping(\"\/chat.sendMessage\")\n    @SendTo(\"\/topic\/public\")\n    public String sendMessage(String message) {\n        return message;\n    }\n\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The <code>ChatController<\/code> class is annotated with <code>@Controller<\/code> to indicate that it is a controller class.<\/p>\n<p>The <code>sendMessage<\/code> method is annotated with <code>@MessageMapping(\"\/chat.sendMessage\")<\/code> to handle messages with the destination <code>\/chat.sendMessage<\/code>. The method returns the message as a string and is sent to all subscribers of the <code>\/topic\/public<\/code> destination.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a new HTML file <code>index.html<\/code> inside the <code>src\/main\/resources\/static<\/code> directory with the following content:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-html\">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;\n&lt;html lang=\"en\"&gt;\n&lt;head&gt;\n    &lt;meta charset=\"UTF-8\"&gt;\n    &lt;title&gt;Chat Application&lt;\/title&gt;\n&lt;\/head&gt;\n&lt;body&gt;\n    &lt;div id=\"messages\"&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\n    &lt;form id=\"message-form\"&gt;\n        &lt;input type=\"text\" id=\"message-input\"&gt;\n        &lt;button type=\"submit\"&gt;Send&lt;\/button&gt;\n    &lt;\/form&gt;\n\n    &lt;script src=\"\/webjars\/sockjs-client\/sockjs.min.js\"&gt;&lt;\/script&gt;\n    &lt;script src=\"\/webjars\/stomp-websocket\/stomp.min.js\"&gt;&lt;\/script&gt;\n    &lt;script&gt;\n        var socket = new SockJS('\/chat');\n        var stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);\n\n        stompClient.connect({}, function (frame) {\n            console.log('Connected: ' + frame);\n\n            stompClient.subscribe('\/topic\/public', function (response) {\n                showMessage(response.body);\n            });\n        });\n\n        var messageForm = document.getElementById('message-form');\n        var messageInput = document.getElementById('message-input');\n\n        messageForm.addEventListener('submit', function (event) {\n            event.preventDefault();\n\n            stompClient.send(\"\/app\/chat.sendMessage\", {}, messageInput.value);\n            messageInput.value = '';\n        });\n\n        function showMessage(message) {\n            var messageElement = document.createElement('div');\n            messageElement.innerText = message;\n            document.getElementById('messages').appendChild(messageElement);\n        }\n    &lt;\/script&gt;\n&lt;\/body&gt;\n&lt;\/html&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The <code>index.html<\/code> file is a simple HTML file with a form to send messages and a <code>&lt;div&gt;<\/code> element to display the received messages.<\/p>\n<p>The JavaScript code establishes a WebSocket connection with the server using SockJS and Stomp. It then subscribes to the <code>\/topic\/public<\/code> destination to receive message updates from the server. When the form is submitted, it sends the message to the server using the <code>\/app\/chat.sendMessage<\/code> destination.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Run your Spring Boot application by executing the <code>main<\/code> method of your <code>ChatApplication<\/code> class.<\/li>\n<li>Open your web browser and navigate to `http:\/\/localhost:8080`. You should see the chat application.<\/li>\n<li>Open multiple browser windows or tabs and start chatting!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Congratulations! You have successfully built a chat application with Spring Boot and WebSocket.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned how to build a chat application using Spring Boot and WebSocket. We configured WebSocket support in our Spring Boot application, created a chat controller to handle WebSocket requests, and developed a simple front-end interface using HTML and JavaScript. With this chat application, users can send and receive messages in real-time.<\/p>\n<p>Feel free to explore more advanced features of WebSocket and Spring Boot to enhance your chat application further.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this tutorial, we will learn how to build a chat application using Spring Boot and WebSocket. WebSocket is a communication protocol that provides full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection, making it suitable for real-time applications like chat. 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